Latin American Journal of Scientific Diffusion

Science at the Service of Life

Reyber Parra Contreras — 2025-07-07

Presentation or Editorial of the Latin American Journal of Scientific Diffusion, corresponding to Volume 07, Number 13, July-December 2025, by the journal's editor, Dr. Reyber Parra Contreras.

Ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of Central and Southern Mexico and their Utility as Geological Time Gauges

Luis Enrique Gómez-Pérez — 2025-07-07

This paper presents a review of the publications that have been carried out on ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of central and southern Mexico. All scientific bibliographic sources contributing to the record of Upper Cretaceous ammonites from Mexico were reviewed. The results of this review indicate that the documented information is scarce, especially regarding the last epoch of this group. The best-documented ammonites from central and southern Mexico are from the Coniacian and Maastrichtian; subsequently, there are some isolated reports from the Cenomanian and Turonian, while no reports exist for the Santonian–Campanian interval. In most of the works presented herein, the reports of ammonites were made incidentally; however, their presence helped to obtain the relative ages of the rocks that contained them, emphasizing their importance in determining the age of the host rocks. Finally, in this work, the scientific names of the Coniacian taxa were updated, based on the current taxonomic nomenclature of the ammonoids, since the available literature for this age is ambiguous.

CRISPR-Cas9 system, in Drosophila melanogaster

Daniela Irán Vargas Sánchez — 2025-07-07

The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system 13 years ago led to a technological breakthrough for more precise genome editing. This is related to the generation of new biomolecules, the editing of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and substantial progress in our understanding of the processes related to the flow of genetic information. Using this technology in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which shares genes with humans, opens infinite possibilities for studying the hereditary mechanisms of normal biological processes and those altered by internal or external causes. The characteristics of this biological model, an invertebrate eukaryote, the generalities of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, its functions and components, the production of knockouts and knock ins as well as the perspectives and limitations of this tool are described.

Effect of Boric Acid and Borax at Different Concentrations on the Preservation of Wood from Two Forest Species in Tingo María, Perú

Cleide Santos Flores — 2025-07-08

This study aimed to evaluate the absorption and penetration of preservative solutions of boric acid and borax at different concentrations (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) in the wood of Calycophyllum spruceanum (capirona) and Cariniana sciadophylla (cetico), collected in Tingo María, Peru. A total of 36 wood samples (5 × 5 × 5 cm), previously oven-dried to constant weight, were treated using the immersion method. Absorption was quantified in kg/m³, and penetration was qualitatively assessed using colorimetric tests with turmeric, salicylic acid, 95% ethanol, and concentrated hydrochloric acid. Results showed that cetico had the highest absorption at a 5% concentration (10.59 kg/m³), while capirona absorbed more at 7% (9.02 kg/m³), suggesting greater permeability in cetico. Regarding penetration, cetico exhibited a more uniform coloration (pale red) at 3%, while capirona showed an intense dark red coloration at 3% and 5%. It is concluded that both species respond differently to boron salt concentrations, with cetico being more suitable for preservative treatments due to its higher absorption and better penetration.

Game On: A Survey of Strategic Reasoning Benchmarks for Large Language Models

Daniel José Boza Muñoz — 2025-07-07

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in tasks requiring sophisticated strategic reasoning. We systematically surveyed recent benchmarks developed to evaluate LLM-based strategic capabilities across cooperative, adversarial, and policy-oriented contexts. Following a reproducible search strategy, we identified 7 primary benchmarks from a pool of 573 papers. These benchmarks measure diverse dimensions such as multi-step planning, hidden-information inference, cooperative behavior, and deceptive tactics. Their methodologies include multi-agent competitions, board games, negotiation settings, and public goods scenarios, each with distinct metrics—ranging from Elo ratings to Bradley-Terry models—yielding crucial insights into LLM performance. We highlight current limitations, including the lack of standardized metrics and limited real-world applicability, and propose directions for future research, such as human-in-the-loop evaluations and policy-level simulations. Our survey aims to inform researchers and practitioners seeking robust frameworks for assessing LLMs’ strategic reasoning proficiencies.

Development of PP/MWCNT Composites by Applying Fixed-Frequency Ultrasound

J. Guillermo Martínez-Colunga — 2025-07-08

The effect of a 20 kHz fixed-frequency ultrasonic static mixer on the production of polypropylene and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites was studied. Ultrasound was applied to the composite melt using an ultrasonic static mixer located at the outlet of a single-screw extruder. The resulting PP/MWCNT composites were characterized by DSC, TGA, SEM, and RAMAN, and their thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as their tensile properties, were determined. An increase in PP crystallinity was observed in the composites due to the nucleating effect of the carbon nanotubes. The ultrasonic-treated PP/MWCNT composites showed improved dispersion of the MWCNTs, which contributed to an increase in the elastic modulus, improved thermal stability, and an increase in thermal conductivity and a significant increase in electrical conductivity.

Socio-Natural Risks: An Approach from the Worldview of the Native Mexican People

Daniel Fernando Gómez Benítez — 2025-07-08

The aim of this study is to analyze how the worldviews of Mexican native people contribute to the understanding of socio-natural risks through their spiritual, cultural, and territorial relationship with nature. The methodology consisted of a theoretical and reflective review of intercultural approaches, contrasting the dominant Western perspective based on science and technology with Southern epistemologies and indigenous knowledge systems. Some interpretations that incorporate symbolic, communal, and ecological elements as part of risk understanding, were identified in this study. The results show that, for many indigenous communities, natural phenomena are not perceived as isolated hazards, but rather as expressions of a cosmic order that demands respect and reciprocity. This holistic perspective redefines risk as part of a broader process of environmental self-regulation and promotes a sustainability model that rejects the logic of extracting natural resources from a dominant economic system. Instead, it proposes forms of coexistence grounded in balance, solidarity, and collective well-being, contributing key elements to a more comprehensive and culturally grounded risk management approach.

Polyolefin Nanocomposites used in the Manufacture of Films for Agricultural Applications

S. Sánchez-Valdés — 2025-07-08

Polyolefin films, especially polyethylene (PE) films, are essential agricultural inputs due to their durability and functionality in applications such as mulching. Their use contributes to the efficient management of soil microclimate, promoting thermal regulation, water conservation and weed control, resulting in higher crop yields and optimized fruit quality by improving nutrient uptake during plant phenological development (Ammala et al., 2011). Traditional polyolefin films present significant environmental challenges due to their slow biodegradation, which causes accumulation of plastic residues in the soil, affecting water permeability, nutrient transfer and thermal balance, deteriorating soil. Although biodegradable alternatives offer sustainable solutions, they still face limitations related to production costs, mechanical strength under demanding agricultural conditions and their economic viability for large-scale applications (Huang G. et al,.1994). Advances in biodegradable materials have led to the development of films based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which offer properties equivalent to conventional polyolefins with the advantage of being degradable under natural conditions. The effective implementation of these technologies will depend on the ability to integrate technical advances with economic solutions that guarantee their widespread adoption in systems (Ammala et al., 2011).

New Records of Lagidium Viscacia (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) from the Araucanía Region, Chile

Rodrigo Tiznado-Granzotto — 2025-07-08

Lagidium viscacia is a rodent of the Chinchillidae family. It has soft, delicate fur. Its gregarious behavior is primarily active during the day. Its diet consists primarily of hard, leathery plants. Its historical distribution includes the Andes of Chile, Argentina, Peru, and Bolivia. Specifically in Chile, it is found from the Arica to Aysen regions; however, there are no specific records of the location of populations at the southern limit of its distribution in the Araucanía region. As part of a scientific research development plan in the Huellas Reserve, a survey was conducted during August 2024. The authors conducted a walking tour of rocky outcrops near the altitudinal limit of tree vegetation, actively searching for defecation sites, potential refuges for the species, and direct encounters. As a result, two records of L. viscacia were obtained. These are specimens observed directly; both records are found near formations with small and medium-sized caves. There are no scientific reports on the distribution of this species at these latitudes, so these records would expand its range in La Araucanía.

PHA - The Alternative to Petroleum-Derived Plastics

S. Sánchez-Valdés — 2025-07-08

PHAs or polyhydroxyalkanoates are biopolyesters synthesized within cells by some microorganisms as carbon and energy reserves that, once extracted from the cells, have physical properties similar to petroleum-derived plastics, which is why they are considered a significantly higher alternative to petroleum-derived products. In addition to being organic products, since they are produced by microorganisms whose genes can be modified to increase the yield of their production, their application in biomedical sciences, in agriculture or as fuel products is being analyzed with a view to a future where their production is profitable. This article aims to report on the benefits of PHAs, their production, their characteristics, technological advances, their applications and properties, as well as their sustainability and the future that is expected due to their environmental impact, which is lower than that of petroleum-derived plastics.

Psychotherapy and Artificial Intelligence: Clinical Dialogues Enhanced by Artificial Algorithms to Humanise Emotional Care

José-Alberto Sotelo-Martín — 2025-07-08

This study analyses the current and projected impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in psychotherapy, psychiatry, and clinical psychology. Its OBJECTIVE is to assess how these technologies can optimise diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and access to emotional care, without replacing the human dimension of the therapeutic bond. Employing a METHODOLOGY based on a narrative literature review, the study synthesises recent theoretical and empirical contributions, revealing that AI—far from dehumanising clinical practice—can enhance it when applied ethically. The RESULTS highlight seven key areas of application: early symptom detection through trained algorithms; emotional support via empathetic chatbots; personalisation of interventions based on biomarkers, language, and patient narratives; use of virtual reality for controlled exposures; support for rural populations; automated generation of clinical reports; and improved treatment adherence. Ethical challenges are also emphasised, including algorithmic bias, data privacy, and the need for professional oversight. In CONCLUSION, AI does not replace the therapist but amplifies their diagnostic and relational capacity. Its responsible integration strengthens care that is more precise, equitable, and humanised—capable of addressing the evolving demands of contemporary mental health.

Prevalence of Peritoneal-Dialysis Associated Peritonitis in a Public Secondary Care Center

Celenys Bermúdez-Lago — 2025-07-09

Background: Stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients require kidney replacement therapy. Although peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers quality of life and cost advantages, concerns about peritonitis limit its adoption. This study highlights the complexity of peritonitis, and its impacts, and questions the usefulness of antibiotic prophylaxis in postoperative prevention, focusing on the high incidence of end-stage kidney disease and the need for dialysis therapies. Methods: Observational study of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis substitution treatment who are part of the peritoneal dialysis program at a secondary care center. The study variables were sex, age, comorbidities and microbiological results. Results: A total of 75 patients diagnosed with peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis were included; 48 (64%) were men and 27 (36%) were women, with a mean age of 51 years. Thirty-eight (50%) patients had diabetes mellitus and 71 (96.4%) had hypertension. Culture results showed growth in 58 (77.3%). The most frequently isolated microorganism was vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus. Conclusions: In our study, patients with peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis showed a higher prevalence of vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus. The importance of peritoneal fluid studies for clinical decisions and antimicrobial treatment is highlighted.

Natural Chemistry: The Impact of Bioactive Compounds on Modern Food

Damián Galindo-Hernández — 2025-07-09

This article aims to examine the impact of bioactive compounds on modern nutrition, emphasizing their functional potential and role in human health. Based on a detailed review of recent scientific and technical literature, key chemical and physiological properties of compounds such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and omega-3 fatty acids are described, along with their occurrence in conventional foods and agro-industrial by-products. The methodology allowed for the identification of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. In addition, current dietary trends were analyzed, focusing on the development of fermented foods and the contribution of probiotics. Contemporary extraction methods and emerging trends in food biotechnology were also explored, particularly innovations related to personalized nutrition. The findings indicate that the strategic integration of these compounds offers an effective pathway to enhance the nutritional value of food products, meet evolving consumer demands, and promote healthier and more sustainable eating habits. It is concluded that the utilization of bioactive compounds represents a significant opportunity for technological innovation in the food industry and for the development of differentiated functional products.

Beyond Noise: How Natural Fibers Are Revolutionizing Acoustics

Luis Axel Estarrón Navarro — 2025-07-09

In the last two decades, the research field of natural fibers as acoustic materials has developed considerably due to the constant exposure to noise in a globalized world. This article aims to provide an overview of relevant research on the use of natural fibers and composites with different additives for acoustic applications. The methodology consisted of a comprehensive review of studies using fibers that demonstrated their desirable acoustic properties, such as low density and high porosity. However, it is also evident that these materials present significant limitations, such as low tensile strength, thermostability, and sound absorption for frequencies below 1000 Hz. To remedy this, natural fiber composites have also been developed with varying results and degrees of success. One of the main challenges in the development of these composites is the lack of homogeneity and reproducibility of the materials and their acoustic response.

Quantification of Aboveground and Litter Biomass in a Three-Year-Old Guadua Angustifolia Kunth Plantation in Leoncio Prado, Perú

Yassira Estephany Castillo Espinoza — 2025-07-09

The objective of this research was to quantify the aboveground biomass and litter accumulation in a three-year-old plantation of Guadua angustifolia Kunth, established in Leoncio Prado. The destructive method was used, randomly selecting 10% of the culms according to their maturity state, and samples of leaves, branches, and stems were obtained, which were dried at 80-90°C to determine their wet and dry weights. The results showed a stem biomass of 22.968 tons/ha, branch biomass of 8.932 tons/ha, leaf biomass of 5.021 tons/ha, and a total aboveground biomass of 36.921 tons/ha. With this data, allometric equations were formulated using DBH as an independent variable for mature culms: Y = 0.12x^2.4217; additionally, litter biomass was evaluated on six monthly occasions, finding a maximum of 0.78 tons/ha in the fifth evaluation and a minimum of 0.06 tons/ha in the first. These results not only highlight the productive capacity of G. angustifolia but also provide useful tools for the sustainable management of this resource, emphasizing the importance of continuous monitoring to optimize its utilization.

Analysis of Customer Relationship Systems in a Food and Beverage Corporation Located in Venezuela

Magda Rosa Maya Gualtieri — 2025-07-09

Information systems are very useful in companies since they collect information for the development of new products or services and to develop new strategies according to the market and thus strengthen relationships with consumers and clients. Within these information systems, there are so-called “customer relationship management”, which are very useful for collecting valuable information, since they help analyze and exploit the preferences and needs of clients and consumers. In this context, this work arises, which aims to analyze the situation of the customer relationship management systems in a food and beverage corporation located in Venezuela with the purpose of improving their performance based on taking advantage of the information generated from the clients of the corporation and improve its competitive position. The work was carried out through field and documentary research, applying the technique of bibliographic review and content analysis to collect and analyze the information obtained from internal sources of the corporation and relevant documents related to the topic under study. As part of the results, the most relevant scenarios within these companies nested in their organizational strategy were determined.

Organizational Experience in Water Protection. The Case of ASOPROMISAN

Carlos Alirio Flórez López — 2025-07-09

This article presents some identifying features of the community organizational practices developed by Asopromisan in the municipality of Santuario (Antioquia). Through participant observation and in-depth interviews, the organization's impact on the community aqueducts it serves in the municipality is analyzed. The aim is to analyze the right to water as a fundamental right in Colombia based on existing regulations, and to describe the strategies implemented by community aqueducts within the framework of the relationship between community, society, and nature for their operation and sustainability from a perspective of water preservation and stewardship.

Implementation of Tools and Strategies for the Transformation of Lifestyles in Community Health Care

Ana Joselyn Parrales Choez — 2025-07-09

This research consists of a literature review on the implementation of tools and strategies for lifestyle transformation in community health care, specifically in the Type B Health Center of Jipijapa Canton, Ecuador. The goal is to promote healthy lifestyles to prevent disease and improve the quality of life in the community served by the health center. A systematic review of documents in Spanish and English related to the study object was conducted in the databases Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Scielo, among others, using the sequential scanning technique. The conclusions highlight that the implementation of these tools and strategies can have a positive impact on the community, with observed changes in lifestyle habits and improvements in some health indicators.